Pruning
Pruning is done to reduce the size of branches and leaves, and the roots are pruned to encourage more root growth to strengthen the tree. Roots are usually pruned by one-third to one-half their original length. Special pruning shears and clippers are used that come in various sizes. Prune above leaf nodes to chart the direction the next branch should take. Pruning is usually done on deciduous trees in the fall after leaf drop or early spring before the buds break. Spring is a good time for most evergreens, when new candles appear on conifers, or new growth appears on leafy varieties.

Wiring
Anodized aluminum wire is the most common choice when it is time to shape the bonsai. Care must be taken when wrapping the wire around the trunk and branches. Wrap the wire at a forty-five degree angle and watch out for leaves and nodes. Start with the trunk then wrap the largest branches, and finally the secondary twigs. Bend the trunk and branches gently to avoid breakage. For outdoor bonsai, wire should generally be left on the tree from six months to two years depending on the species and growth rate of the tree. Wiring is usually done during the growing season. The tree should be checked to make sure that the wire is not cutting into the bark. Ugly scars will be the result. Indoor bonsai can be wired at any time, but summer is preferred.